Travels, researches, and missionary labours, during an eighteen years' residence in Eastern Africa : together with journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a coasting voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado / by the Rev. Dr. J. Lewis Krapf ; with an appendix ... by E. G. Ravenstein.

Includes bibliographical references.

1. A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERY IN EASTERN AFRICA, ETC. BY E. G. RAVENSTEIN, F.R.G.S. - 2. REASONS FOR PUBLICATION-DESIGN AND PLAN -- PART I. RESEARCHES AND MISSIONARY LABOURS. EXTRACTS FROM JOURNALS : CHAP. I. AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL : A Providential guidance in the life of a man -- CHAP. II. TO ADOWA AND ANKOBER : Commencement of the journey - Storm off Candia - Alexandria and Cairo - The Red Sea and its navigation - The Canal of the Isthmus of Suez - Jidda - Arab navigation - Massowa - The Shohos - Initiation into the dangers of African travel - Rescue - Entry into Abessinia - Arrival at Adowa, the capital of Tigre and seat of the Abessinian mission - Interview with the Prince of Tigre - Native hostility to the mission - Arrival of Roman Catholic priests and its consequences - The author and his companions have to quit Tigre - Return of the missionaries to Cairo - The author resolves to penetrate to Shoa - Return to Cairo - A missionary sheikh and his slaves - Tajurra - The "Afer" and Ophir - Re-entry into Abessinia - The Desert of Adal - Narrow escape from a hyæna - Arrival at Ankober, the capital of Shoa -- CHAP. III. RESIDENCE IN SHOA : Reception by the King of Shoa - His promises and character - The missionaries open school - Departure of Isenberg - The Gallas - The sources of the Hawash, and M. Rochet's veracity - The author's participation in the king's expeditions against the Gallas, and its fruits - The rebellious Gallas and their country - Journey to Debra Libanos and geographical notes - Arrival of Major Harris and the English mission - The author's relations with the king and the envoy - Success and failure of the mission - Major Harris's "Highlands of Ethiopia" - The advantages of a connection between England and Shoa - The king, and his father's dream - What might have been and may yet be -- CHAP. IV. SHOA AND THE SHOANS : Shoa proper and Efat - Limits and contents of the two divisions - Population and some physical characteristics - Form of government - Religion and priesthood - Literature and sacred books - The monophysitism of Shoa - Doctrine of the three births, and civil war arising out of it - Conquest of Shoa by King Theodorus - Immorality of Shoa - Concubinage, marriage, and marriage laws - Slavery - Superstition - The "detective" system of Shoa -- CHAP. V. THE UNEXPLORED COUNTRIES TO THE SOUTH OF SHOA : Christian remnants - Gurague and the slave trade - Kambat - Wolamo - Kucha - The Golda negroes - Susa - Junction of the Gojob and Omo - Reported snow -mountain - Traces of Christianity in Susa - Curious transfer of episcopal breath for consecration - Dilbo on the Dokos, a nation of pigmies - Account of the Dokos - Are they the pigmies of Herodotus? - An alleged Doko seen by the author - Concurrent testimony to the existence of a nation of pigmies - Kaffa and its Queen, Balli - Abundance of cotton and cotton clothing - Salt and its value - Hero - CHAP. VIII. FROM ADEN TO ZANZIBAR : Prohibition of the Abessinian mission - French intrigue: M. Rochet and his book - Final attempt and its failure - The Abessinian mission abandoned - The author resolves to proceed to the south-castern coast of Africa, and found a mission among the Gallas - Departure from Aden and forced return - Second voyage - The Somali coast - Mukdisha - Breach of Slave Trade treaty with England - Barava - The Jub - Christmas day spent on the Galla coast - Stay in Takaungu - Native complaints of England's refusal of the Protectorate of Mombaz - The Southern Gallas - The Dana - The disappointment of the first voyage providential - Mombaz and its recent history - The Wanika - Tanga - The Pangani and its mouth - The Waseguas and the Slave Trade - Arrival at Zanzibar - The importance of a Galla mission - Presentation to the Sultan - Extent of his rule - Brief description of Zanzibar -- CHAP. IX. MOMBAZ - EXCURSIONS ON THE MAIN-LAND : Lamu - Mombaz - Study of the native languages - Sea trip - Hindu and Mohammedan fellow passengers - Astronomy of the Koran - Translation of the Bible into Suahili - Death of the author's wife and daughter - Visions of missionary enterprise - Excursion to Old Rabbai - Makarunge - The houses of the Wanika - Kamba and its chief - The Mohammedans and their proselytism - The animal and vegetable worlds: elephants and ivory - Wanika Atheism - Abdallah and his friendship - A Wakamba village - Relations of the Wanika and Wakamba - Characteristics of the Wakamba - Preaching in a Wanika village; failure and its causes - Rabbai Mpia, its situation and suitability for a missionary station - Missionary interview with the elders of the village - First sight of the snow-mountain Kadiaro - The ensuing twelvemonth, voyages, journeys, and illnesses - Arrival of Rebmann - Visit to Rabbai Mpia and selection of it for a missionary station - The chiefs - Our removal to Rabbai Mpia - Fever and house-building difficulties - Public worship and discouragements - The Wanika -- dotus and the carly Troglodytes - The Gojob and Dilbo's account of it - Identity of the Gojob and the Jub - River system of those countries - Enarca, its king, religion, &c.; value as a coffee-producing country - Its commercial importance if the Gojob should be found navigable - The civet-cat, &c. - Senjero - Female slavery and its origin - Human sacrifices - Evidences of an early civilization in the regions watered by the Gojob -- CHAP. VI. ORMANIA AND THE GALLAS : Position, number and migration of the Gallas - Their probable mission in the providential scheme - Their appearance, dress, &c. - The true Galla type to be found near the Equator - Country, climate, and occupation - Field for European emigration - Their priests, prayers, and exorcists - Ideas of a future life - Theories as to their notions of Christianity - Characteristics of their religion - No idols in Eastern Africa - Their notions of a divinity and subordinate deities - Days of rest - The Wollo-Gallas - The "Wodaja " - Mohammedanism of the Wollo-Gallas - Power of Mohammedanism in Eastern Africa - Coming conflict between Christianity and Mohammedanism -- CHAP. VII. FROM ANKOBER TO MASSOWA : Success of the author's missionary efforts in Shoa - Reasons for repairing to the coast - The king's farewell and offer of an official post - Departure from Angolala - Interesting interview with the king's mother - Feelings on entering the Wollo country - Adara Bille and his apparent friendliness - A young Imam - English drill, and lucifer matches - Alarm on the road - Retreat to Adara Bille - His treachery - Imprisonment and robbery of the author - Subsequent adventures and liberation - Toilsome pilgrimage to the Shoho frontier - Singular offer of vengeance - Arrival at Massowa - Arrival at Harkiko - Kindness of the French consulTo Aden - Marriage in Egypt - Return to Aden - The author's and his fellow-labourers' Abessinian projects -- converted into a pagan idol - The "free and independent" Wanika - Boso-festival - Arrival of Erhardt and Wagner - Illness and recovery of Erhardt; Wagner's death - His funeral a striking lesson to the Wanika - Journey to Ukambani, and return to Rabbai Mpia -- CHAP. XIII. CLOSE OF RESIDENCE IN EASTERN AFRICA:-KETURN HOME : First return to Europe - The Church Missionary Society reinforces the East-African Mission - Return to Rabbai Mpia - Death and sickness among the missionary band - Mringe and his successor - Colonizing aspects of the Mission - The author's journeys into the interior - Second return to Europe - Bishop Gobat's Abessinian scheme - The author's latest visit to Abessinia - The way to Shoa closed : Return to Egypt - Farewell to Africa - Return home - Sympathy and offers of the Church Missionary Society -- PART II. TRAVELS IN EASTERN AFRICA. KADIARO - JAGGA - USAMBARA - UKAMBANI : CHAP. I. REBMANN'S JOURNEY TO KADIARO : Departure by moonlight - Endunga : the wilderness - The magic staves and missionary resistance - Flora and fauna of the wilderness - The Baschi; pig and ass - Sunday evening in the wilderness; missionary discourse - Kadiaro - Maguasini - First greeting of a Teita family; comparison with a Wanika reception - Fears of the Teita people - The missionary fortress - Pare people and their tobacco pipes - Dress and ornaments in Teita - Its geography and population - Mission prospects - Return journey to Rabbai Mpia - European shoes and native sandals - Burden-bearing - Africa and her children -- CHAP. X. RABBAI MPIA - EXTRACTS PROM JOURNALS : Retrospect of the past year, and hopes for the future - The women's Muansa - Wanika self-conceit - The Muansa; nature of the imposture and its political uses - Trip to Zanzibar and interview with the Sultan - Liverpool speculation on the East coast - Antimony mines and their tipsy owners - Wanika and Zulus - Gardening begun - The god of the Wanika - Remonstrant chiefs and the author's successful protest against their superstition - Rain-making and rain-makers - A Wanika Dream-woman - Stories of cannibals and pigmies in the interior - Theory of their origin, and comparison with Abessinian fables - View of Kilibassi and Kadiaro - A Kinika Primer - Trial by ordeal among the Wanika - Curious details - The begging habits of the Wanika and savages in general - The author's advice to missionaries - The Koma : Wanika belief in a continuance of being after death - Attack on a Mnika by a Mkamba : condolence-custom of the Wanika - Retrospect of a year at Rabbai Mpia - Mercies and achievements - Projected visit to Kadiaro - Suahili notion of the end of the world and its probable origin - An intelligent Mohammedan : his request for wine refused - Rebmann's journey to and return from Kadiaro - Public worship and Kinika hymn - Results of civilization "pure and simple" - Retrospect of another year : difficulties and hopes --CHAP. XII. EXTRACTS FROM JOURNALS CONTINUED : Completion of Suahili and Kinika Dictionary - A Wanika-exorcism - Undue denunciation - Rebmann's journey to Jagga; the author left alone - Mringe the cripple wakened to the Gospel - Tremendous storm, and Wanika infanticide - Appearance of two French naval officers - Rebmann's safe return from Jagga - Main results of his journey - Comparison of the East-African and West-African missions - The sea-serpent - Traditional origin of the Galla, Wakamba, and Wakuafi - Mringe's new hut and persecutions - Wanika name-giving - A neighbour of Mringe's awakened - Mringe's reception of the Gospel - Honour of the missionary office - Wanika belief in metempsychosis - A Portuguese image - Tion - Missionary-tears misinterpreted - King Mamkinga's ivory - Heathen hypocrisy - Ceremonial of leave-taking - Mercenary farewell - Speedy departure - Masaki evaded - The native axe in the jungle - Extemporized bridges and their dangers - Entrance into the Wilderness - A feast of fledglings - Nearing home - Arrival at Rabbai - Teita prayer and translation -- CHAP. V. THE AUTHOR'S FIRST JOURNEY TO USAMBARA : Inducements to the journey - King Kmeri - Mtongwe - Lunguma - Plain of Shimba - Kwale - Pipes and tobacco - Bundini - Musket-firing and evil spirits - Teaching Wadigo boys their A, B, C - At home in the wilderness - Description of the country - Flora and Fauna - Wild beasts and their habitats - Gonja - Kusi - Wayside sermon - Mohammedan haughtiness rebuked - King Kmeri's daughter - The Washinsi - Trustfulness of the people : democracy and despotism - Forward towards Fuga - Mountain-scenery: the one thing wanting - Fuga - Salla - Interview with king Kmeri - Attitude of the people - Kmeri's harem - Interview with the king - Return-journey - Astonishment of the Suahili - Prayer and thanksgiving Zanzibar, the Sultan and Kilimanjaro - Arrival at Rabbai -- CHAP. VI. FIRST JOURNEY TO UKAMBANI : Aim of the journey - Junction with a Wakamba caravan - War and peace - The wilderness and its perils - View from the mountain Maungu - View of Kilimanjaro - Theories and facts - No water - Arrival at the Tzawo - Merciful deliverance - Arrival at Kikumbuliu: astonishment of the Wakamba - Commencement of missionary effort - Fall of rain; taken for a magician and rainmaker - The Adi - View in Yata - Wakamba hospitality - Giraffe and elephant's flesh - Nearing Kitui - Strike of the bearers - Further dangers - Onward again - Arrival at Kivoi's village - Interview with the chiefs - The navigation of the Dana - Identity of the Dana and Quilimansi - Reception - Missionary instruction - Farewell-interview with Kivoi - Return journey - The wilderness, a type - Arrival at Rabbai -- CHAP. II. REBMANN'S FIRST JOURNEY TO JAGGA : To Bura - Forced residence near Jawia - Timidity of the Teita, and its causes - Beautiful scenery; reminiscences of home - The Chief Muina - Onward again - Astonishment of the guide - The trap-pits of the Teita - First view of Kilimanjaro, the snow-mountain - The country between Teita and Jagga - Arrival in Kilema - Distinct view of Kilimanjaro; contrasts of scenery - King Masaki - The Kishogno - Mutual present giving - Visit from the king - His appearance - Strange use of a fork - The king's cordiality - Ascent of a mountain; extensive prospect - The return - NOTES ON JAGGA AND MISSIONS - Geographical conformation, and civil economy - Politics and societyin Jagga - Its habitations - Substitute for salt - Native expedition to Kilimanjaro - Advantages of Jagga as a mission-station - Argument for the establishment of missionary colonies in Eastern Africa -- CHAP. III. REBMANN'S SECOND JOURNEY TO JAGGA : Change of plan - Arrival at Kilema - Detention by Masaki, and its motive - Arrival of escort from the king Mamkinga - Journey to Majame - Strange ceremony - The magicians and the production of rain - Interview with the king - His friendly reception and disinterestedness - Invitation to remain - Journey homeward - The mountains of Jagga - Kilimanjaro and its meaning - Snow, and the natives of Jagga - Snow demonstrated to the Suahili mind - Arrival at Rabbai -- CHAP. IV. REBMANN'S THIRD JOURNEY TO JAGGA : Journeying in the rainy season - Encounter with a rhinoceros - Masaki once more-Rain-making and rain-preventing - Extemporized hut - Obstinacy of the bearers - Necessity pulls down the hut - Agreeable disappointment - Arrival at Majame - Altered demeanour of king Mamkinga - Extortion and persecu - Arrival at Fuga - The capital - Kmeri's friendly messages - The cannibal Wadoe - Interview with Kmeri - Anti-missionary intrigues of the king's magicians - Kmeri receives his presents - The Ala-African aborigines - The king consents to the establishment of a missionary station - Interview with a son of Kmeri - Departure from Fuga - A new route to the coast - The Pangani people and their Mohammedanism - Punishment and pardon of a young thief - Results of the journey - Exposition of missionary policy - Advantages of Usambara as a mission-field - The climate -- PART III. GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND HISTORY. THE SOUTH SUAHILI COAST : CHAP. I. VOYAGE FROM MOMBAZ TO CAPE DELGADO : Importance of the Voyage - Under way - Tiwi - Wanika fishermen - Palm wine - Narrow escape from drowning - Magugu missionaries and Mohammedans - Tanga Bay - View of the Usambara mountains - A travelled Suahili - Tangata and its Divani - Buyeni - The coast southward and its inhabitants - Msasani - Mtotana - Caravan from Uniamesi - M. Maisan and his murder - Sinda - Jole - The cowrie trade - The Banian's sandbank - Kiloa Kibenje - Slave-catching in the interior - The Niassa country - Kiloa Kisiwani - Kisueri - Muania - Mkindani - The Lufuma - To Zanzibar again - Return to Europe -- CHAP. II. FROM JERUSALEM TO GONDAR : Bishop Gobat and the Abessinian mission - Jerusalem - Cairo - Tor - Greek Christians in Arabia - Jidda - Mohammedan pilgrims - The author's servant, Wolda-Gabriel - Storm and fire - Massowa - The new king Theodorus - News from Abessinia - Dohono - Shumfeito - A Romish missionary - Halai - The Zaranna wilderness - Adowa - Axum - To Gondar - Jan Meda - The king's camp - Conference with the Abuna - Interview with king Theodorus - Back to Gondar - Notes on the city -- CHAP. VII. SECOND JOURNEY TO UKAMBANI : Contemplated missionary-station at Yata - Advantages of the locality - Departure - The wilderness: "silence!" - Robbers ahead - No water - Forward towards the Tzawo - Onslaught of the robbers - Fortunate deliverance - A false alarm - Arrival at Yata - Friendly reception from the chiefs - No house, and its inconveniences - Threatened desertion of the Wanika, and flight of the author's only servant - House-building operations: unsatisfactory results - Annoyances from the Wakamba - Visit to Kivoi resolved on - Departure - Sickness - Too swift an escort - Arrival at Kivoi's - Uki - War with the Atua - The deserted village - Kivoi's return and promises - Peace rejoicings - Expedition to the Dana - Under way again - Poison-wood, its commerce and manipulation - Unexpected venison - Nearing the Dana -- CHAP. VIII. SECOND JOURNEY TO UKAMBANI CONTINUED : Robbers - Parley - Attack in earnest - Dispersion of Kivoi's party - The author's flight - Subsequent adventures, perils, and sufferings - Rencounter with a Wakamba pair - Arrival at a village - At Kitetu's - Murderous designs of Kivoi's kinsmen - The author's flight from Kitetu's hut - Wanderings in the wilderness - Arrival at Kivoi's village - Reception by his kinsfolk - Plundered and silenced - To Yata - Reception - Farewell to Yata - Return homewards - Elephants - Wild beasts as path - makers - Arrival at Rabbai Mpia - Results of the journey - The Ukambani-mission to be deferred, not given up - Conditions necessary for its success - The Wakamba - The Wakuafi and Masai tribes -- CHAP. IX. SECOND JOURNEY TO USAMBARA : Motives for the Journey - Comparison between Shoa and Usambara - The Pangani district - Forward towards Fuga - A daughter of king Kmeri's - The mountain-land of Usambara - Kmeri and his dynasty - The European trade in fire-arms and its consequences -- CHAP. III. FROM GONDAR TO CAIRO : Departure - Lake Tsamburu - Singular Telegraph - Boch - Custom of eating raw flesh - The Alaka Selat; controversies with priests - Gunter and the river Kuang - The Western Abessinians less indifferent to religious matters - Romish missionaries at Kaffa - Emmanuel - The Camant - The Salane-Cotton, and the cotton district - Wekhne, and its importance as an emporium - Cotton again - Matamma and its market - Abessinian penitence - Egyptian order and hospitality - Doka - Slave smuggling - Asser, and its hospitality - Sennar - A Roman Catholic priest at Fedasi - Coptic school - General drunkenness - Departure from Sennar - Former diffusion of Christianity - Wasalie - Coptic scribes - The Coptic communities and their possible future - Sufferings in the desert - Khartum - Visit to the Roman Catholic mission, and details respecting it - Fever - Invitation to explore the Sobat - Opening for Protestant missions - Shendi - Egypt's past and present - What Mehemet Ali has done - Berber and the Barabra - The desert again: anticipations of death - The pure air of the desert medicinal - Camel - drivers and camel-driving - Joyful arrival at Korusko - Assuan, the Syene of the ancients : its quarries and obelisks - Cairo - Kindness of Dr. Lieder - Return to Europe - Bishop Gobat's dispatch of missionary pupils to Abessinia; their arrival, reception, and activity - Latest from Abessinia -- CHAP. IV. CONCLUSION : Christianity at Rabbai - Geographical results of the mission - REBMANN ON UNIAMESI - Reports of the ivory traders as to a great inland-sea - Rebmann's servant, Salimini - Erhardt's map of the interior - The lakes, mountains, and rivers of Eastern Africa - Details respecting the great inland-sea - Salimini's country - Future missionary labours in Central Africa - ERHARDT ON THE WANIKA-LAND - Resources and products of the Wanika-land - Hints for the improvement of the Wanik and their country - Taxation - HINTS TO MISSIONARIES -- SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER : SUMMARY OF EAST-AFRICAN HISTORY : The Arabs of the coast and Eastern Africa - The Hamiaritic Kings, Solomon and the Phoenicians - Solomon, the Queen of Sheba, and the Phoenician king, Hiram - The East-African coast, the Ophir of the Bible - Proofs philological and Scriptural - Notices of Eastern Africa in ancient writers - The Periplus of Arrian - Ptolemy - Cosmos - New era in the history of Eastern Africa - the Mohammedan Arabs - Arab settlements on the coast - Portuguese conquest of Eastern Africa - Decline of the Portuguese power and its causes - The princes of Oman and Eastern Africa - Said - Said and the Msara of Mombaz - Long struggle for supremacy over Mombaz and the East-African coast - Mombaz claims the Protectorate of England - Refusal of Government to sanction the arrangement - Said-Said's career, character, and death - Europe and Eastern Africa -- APPENDIX. GEOGRAPHICAL AND LITERARY : The Snow-capped Mountains of Eastern Africa - The Sources of the Bar-el-Abiad, the White River, or Nile - The Present Literature of Abessinia, and Languages of Eastern Africa -- Map of Eastern Africa.