The caliphate : its rise, decline, and fall : from original sources / by Sir William Muir.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 607-612) and index.

CHAPTER I. Death of Mohammad - Election of Abu Bekr - Omar, Ali, Abu Obeida -- CHAPTER II. Expedition of Usama to Syrian border -- CHAPTER III. Attack of Bedawin on Medina ; repelled by Abu Bekr -- CHAPTER IV. Return of Usama - Bedawin chastised - Expeditions organised against apostate tribes -- CHAPTER V. Khalid's Arabian campaign - Țoleiḥa - Battle of Al-Buzakha - Oyeina - Malik ibn Nuweira - Al-Yemama - Museilima - Garden of Death -- CHAPTER VI. Apostasy crushed - Al-Bahrein, Oman, The Hijaz, Ibn Madi - kerib, Al-Ashath - Freebooter burned to death -- CHAPTER VII. Review - Reclaimed tribes at first sullen - Enthusiasm kindled by Syrian and Chaldæan campaigns - Arabs become aristocracy of the world - Arab slaves set free -- CHAPTER VIII. AI-Muthanna's campaign in Al-Iraķ - Joined by Khalid - Battle of Chains - River of Blood - Al-Hira capitulates - Ain at-Tamr - Duma stormed - Al-Firad - Khalid's incognito pilgrimage -- CHAPTER IX. Syrian campaign - Battle of Ajnadain - Capitulation of Fihl -- CHAPTER X. Al-Irak - Battle of Babylon - Al-Muthanna's appeal for reinforcements -- CHAPTER XI. Abu Bekr's death - Omar nominated by him Caliph -- CHAPTER XII. Omar's accession - Reinforcements for Al-Irak - Rustem - Battle of the Bridge - Abu Obeid's defeat - Battle of Al-Buweib - Death of Al-Muthanna -- CHAPTER XIII. Syria - Fall of Damascus -- CHAPTER XIV. Al-Irak - Fresh levies - Sa'd -Yezdejird - Rustem's advance - Battle of Al-Ķadisiya - Discomfiture of Persian army -- CHAPTER XV. Al-Hira reoccupied - Fall of Al-Medain -- CHAPTER XVI. Battle of Jalula - Omar forbids advance - Al-Kufa and Al-Basra - Land settlement of Al-Iraķ -- CHAPTER XVII. Northern Syria, Hims, Antioch - Heraclius retires - Battle of the Yarmuķ -- CHAPTER XVIII. Jerusalem submits to Omar - His visit - Ordinance of Omar -- CHAPTER XIX. Northern Syria and Mesopotamia - Attack by Greeks and Bedawin - Beni Iyad and Taghlib - Fall of Caesarea - Khalid's trial and deposition -- CHAPTER XX. Jews and Christians expelled from Arabia - Register of Arab tribes - Civil and military administration - Koran “ collected " -- CHAPTER XXI. Famine - Plague - Omar visits Syria - Muawiya - Bilal -- CHAPTER XXII. Conquest of Egypt - Alexandria -- CHAPTER XXIII. Southern Persia - Sus - Tomb of Daniel - Al-Hormuzan -- CHAPTER XXIV. Conquest of Persia - Battle of Nihavend - Flight of Yezdejird -- CHAPTER XXV. Domestic events - Court of Kaba enlarged - Al- Moghira's trial - Al-Kufa - Al-Basra - Era of Hijra - Laxity of morals - Omar's simple life - CHAPTER XXVI. Death of Omar - Appointment of Electors -- CHAPTER XXVII. Othman - Murder of Al-Hormuzan -- CHAPTER XXVIII. Arabs and Ķoreish - Hashimites and Umeiyads - Campaigns in East and West - Naval victory -- CHAPTER XXIX. Unpopularity of Othman - Discontent at Al-Kufa and Al-Basra - Recension of Ķoran - Abu Dharr - Other causes - Naila -- CHAPTER XXX. Growing disaffection - Outbreak at Al-Kufa - Ali warns Othman -- CHAPTER XXXI. Outlook darkens - Conference of Governors - Muawiya's help declined -- CHAPTER XXXII. Conspirators attack Medina - Palace besieged - Othman slain -- CHAPTER XXXIII. Election of Ali - Excitement at Damascus - War proclaimed against Muawiya -- CHAPTER XXXIV. Aisha at Mecca - Joined by Țalha and Az-Zubeir - They seize Al-Basra -- CHAPTER XXXV. Ali's advance on Al-Basra - Battle of the Camel - Talḥa and Az- Zubeir killed - Aisha retires to Medina -- CHAPTER XXXVI. Al-Kufa seat of Government - Egypt - Muawiya at Damascus threatens regicides -- CHAPTER XXXVII. Hostilities between Ali and Muawiya - Battle of Siffin - Arbitration - Abu Musa and Amr, Umpires -- CHAPTER XXXVIII. Khawarij rebel against Ali - Yield to him -- CHAPTER XXXIX. Decision of Umpires - Muawiya Caliph at Damascus -- CHAPTER XL. Ali marches against Muawiya - Recalled by Khariji outbreak - Battle of Nahrawan - Khawarij -- CHAPTER XLI. Amr takes Egypt for Muawiya -- CHAPTER XLII. Khariji risings - Ziyad - Treaty between Ali and Muawiya -- CHAPTER XLIII. Khariji conspiracy - Ali assassinated - Muawiya escapes -- CHAPTER XLIV. Al-Hasan - Abdicates in favour of Muawiya - Death of Al-Hasan -- CHAPTER XLV. Mu'awiya sole Caliph - Death of Amr and Al- Moghira - Ziyad - Africa ; Ķairawan - Attack on Constantinople - Mohammad's pulpit -- CHAPTER XLVI. Yezid declared Heir-apparent - Forms a precedent - Yezid's Bedawi mother -- CHAPTER XLVII. Yezid - Ibn az-Zubeir at Mecca - Al-Hosein marches on Al-Kufa - Tragedy of Kerbala - Death of Al-Hosein - The Moharram -- CHAPTER XLVIII. Alid reaction - Ibn az-Zubeir affects Caliphate - Mecca besieged - Death of Yezid -- CHAPTER XLIX. Muawiya II - Merwan - Abd al-Melik - Tribal hostilities - Al-Mukhtar seizes Al-Kufa - Slays Murderers of Al-Hosein - Musab beaten - Al-Kufa gained - Al-Hajjaj storms Mecca - Ibn az-Zubeir's death -- CHAPTER L. Abd al-Melik (continued) - Al-Hajjaj - Azarika - Al- Muhallab - Ibn al-Ashath - Wasit - Mint - Ibn Khazim -- CHAPTER LI. Al-Welid - Omar at Medina - Death of Al-Hajjaj Ķoteiba - Khorasan - Al-Multan - India - Africa - Spain - Fall of Musa - Glory of Al-Welid -- CHAPTER LII. Suleiman - Khorasan - Koteiba's rebellion - Yezid, son of Al-Muhallab - Attack on Constantinople -- CHAPTER LIII. Omar II- Fall of Yezid - Efforts at conversion -- CHAPTER LIV. Yezid II - Rebellion of Yezid, son of Al-Muhallab - Narbonne - Hashimite canvass - Collectors of tradition -- CHAPTER LV. Hisham - Hashimites; Alids and Abbasids - Al- Kufa - Yusuf - Zeid - Central Asia - India - Armenia - Africa - France - Charles Martel - Just reign -- CHAPTER LVI. Al-Welid II-Yezid III - Khorasan - Nasr - Abbasid canvass - Merwan's advance - Compromise - Death of Yezid III -- CHAPTER LVII. Ibrahim - Merwan II - Ibn Muawiya - Suleiman - AD-Dahhaķ - Khawarij - Spain slips from Caliphate -- CHAPTER LVIII. The Arab tribal feuds in Khorasan -- CHAPTER LIX. Merwan II (continued) - Abbasids in Khorasan - Abu Muslim - Nasr's flight - Al-Kufa taken by Abbasids - Battle of Zab - Merwan's death -- CHAPTER LX. Abbasid Dynasty - General features -- CHAPTER LXI. Abul-Abbas - Hashimiya - Persecution of Umeiyads - Ibn Hubeira - Abu Muslim's pilgrimage -- CHAPTER LXII. Abu Jafar al-Mansur - Abu Muslim put to death - Rawendiya - Khorasan, Al-Mehdi - Ibrahim's rebellion - Bagdad - Umeiyads in Spain - Barmekis - Pilgrimage - Literature -- CHAPTER LXIII. Al-Mehdi - Growing laxity - Manichæans - War with Greece -- CHAPTER LXIV. Al-Hadi - Harun ar-Rashid - Nicephorus - Fall of Barmekis - Harun dies at Țus - Glory of his reign -- CHAPTER LXV. Al-Amin - Al-Mamun - Bagdad besieged - Tahir and Harthama - Death of Al-Amin -- CHAPTER LXVI. Al-Mamun (continued) - Alid predilections - Bagdad revolts - Ali ar-Rida - Ibrahim rival Caliph - Al- Mamun at Bagdad - Tahirids - Babek - Heterodoxy - Brilliant reign -- CHAPTER LXVII. Al-Motasim - Turkish soldiery - Samarra - Babek - Amorion - Al-Wathik - Heterodoxy - Ahmed the Martyr -- CHAPTER LXVIII. Al-Mutawakkil - Return to Orthodoxy - Ordinance against Jews and Christians - Saffarids - Assassination -- CHAPTER LXIX. Al-Muntasir - Al-Mustain - Rebellion - Siege of Bagdad - Al-Motazz - Wasif and Bogha - Aḥmed ibn Țulun - Al-Mohtadi - Riot at Bagdad -- CHAPTER LXX. Al-Motamid and Al-Muwaffak - Zenj rebellion - Saffarids - Tulunid Dynasty -- CHAPTER LXXI. Al-Motadid - Al-Muktafi - Egypt - War with Greeks -- CHAPTER LXXII. Ismailians and Carmathians - Fațimid Dynasty - Druses- Assassins -- CHAPTER LXXIII. Al-Muķtadir - Al-Ķahir - Ar-Radi -- CHAPTER LXXIV. Al-Muttaķi - Hamdan Chiefs - Ikshidids - AL-Mustakfi - Buweihids -- CHAPTER LXXV. Buweihid Dynasty - Al-Muti, Aţ-Tai, Al-Ķadir, and Al-Ķaim, Caliphs -- CHAPTER LXXVI. Bagdad under Seljuķs - Toghril Beg - Al-Muktadi and four following Caliphs - Crusades - Capture of Jerusalem - End of Fațimids -- CHAPTER LXXVII. An-Nasir, his Son and Grandson - Khwarizm Shah - Jenghiz Khan -- CHAPTER LXXVIII. Al-Mustasim, last of the Caliphs - Hulagu takes Bagdad - Caliph put to death - End of Abbasid Dynasty -- CHAPTER LXXIX. Spurious Caliphate under Memluk Kings of Egypt - Osmanli Conquest -- MAPS : I. ARARIA - 2. SYRIA AND IRAN - 3. ASIA MINOR, PERSIA, AND KHORASAN - 4. BAGDAD BETWEEN 150 AND 300 A.H.