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I. ORIGINS OF PROBLEMS AND POLICIES: 1. Convention Respecting the Free Navigation of the Suez Maritime Canal, Constantinople, October 29, 1888 - 2. Great Britain Pledges to Support Arab Independence: The Hus- sein-McMahon Letters, 1915-1916 (Map) - 3. The Balfour Declaration, November 2, 1917 - 4. United States War Aims: President Wilson's XIV Points Speech to Congress (excerpts), January 8, 1918 - 5. Recommendations of the King-Crane Commission on Syria and Palestine, August 28, 1919 - 6. Oil Policy in the Middle Eastern Mandates: Letter from U.S. Ambassador Davis to British Foreign Secretary Lord Curzon, May 12, 1920 - 7. Congress Endorses the Balfour Declaration: Public Resolution No. 73, 67th Congress, Second Session, September 21, 1922 - 8. An "Open Door" Policy for Oil: Secretary Hughes to President Coolidge, November 8, 1923 - 9. International Regulation of the Turkish Straits: The Montreux Convention, July 20, 1936 - 10. German-Soviet Negotiations Regarding the Middle East: Documents from the German Foreign Office Archives, November, 1940 -- II. MUTUAL SECURITY TREATIES, AGREEMENTS AND POLICIES: A. The Truman Doctrine: 11. Message from President Truman to Congress, March 12, 1947 - 12. An Act to Provide for Assistance to Greece and Turkey (excerpts), May 22, 1947 - B. The North Atlantic Treaty: 13. The North Atlantic Treaty, April 4, 1949 - 14. Note Verbale from the Secretary of State to the Turkish Ambassador in Washington on the Preliminary Association of Turkey with NATO, September 19, 1950 - 15. Protocol to the Treaty on the Accession of Greece and Turkey, October 17, 1951 - C. Middle East Command Negotiations: 16. Proposals Presented to Egypt by the Governments of the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Turkey, October 13, 1951 – 17. Rejection by Egypt of the Joint Proposals: Statement of Regret by the Secretary of State, October 17, 1951 - D. The Baghdad Pact and CENTO: 18. "Six Major Policy Issues": Speech by Secretary of State Dulles (excerpts), June 1, 1953 - 19. Pact of Mutual Cooperation Between the Kingdom of Iraq, the Republic of Turkey, the United Kingdom, the Dominion of Pakistan, and the Kingdom of Iran (Baghdad Pact), February 24, 1955 - 20. United States Support for the Pact: Department of State Press Statement, November 29, 1956 - 21. Iranian-United States Agreement for Cooperation in Promoting the Security and Defense of the Members of the Baghdad Pact Organization, March 5, 1959 - 22. Final Communique of the Fifteenth Meeting of the Ministerial Council of the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), April 24, 1968 - E. The Eisenhower Doctrine: 23. Message from President Eisenhower to Congress, January 5, 1957 - 24. To Promote the Peace and Stability of the Middle East: Joint Resolution of Congress, March 9, 1957 - 25. Jordan Vital to the United States: Statement by the White House Press Secretary, April 24, 1957 - 26. Special Message from President Eisenhower to the Congress on the Sending of United States Forces to Lebanon, July 15, 1958 -- III. UNITED STATES RELATIONS WITH THE ARAB STATES: A. Problems of Giving and Receiving Aid : 27. The United States Supports the Aswan High Dam Project: Statement by the Department of State, December 17, 1955 - 28. United States Withdraws from the Aswan High Dam Project: Announcement by the Department of State, July 19, 1956 - 29. President Kennedy Rejects the Use of Aid as a Weapon to Force Withdrawal of UAR Troops from Yemen: News Conference, November 14, 1963 - 30. "Whoever Does Not Like Our Conduct Can Go Drink Up the Sea": Speech by President Nasser (excerpts), December 23, 1964 - 31. President Johnson Requests Congressional Flexibility in Dealing With the UAR: News Conference, February 4, 1965 - 32. Congress Allows Food Aid to the UAR: Supplemental Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1965 to Finance P.L. 480 (partial text), February 11, 1965 – 33. Food Aid to the UAR is in the National Interest: Memorandum from the President to the Secretary of State, December 29, 1965 - B. The Problem of Radical Arab Nationalism : 34. United States Recognition of the United Arab Republic: Statement by the Department of State, February 25, 1958 - 35. United States Policy Respecting Arab Nationalism: Secretary of State Dulles' News Conference, July 31, 1958 - 36. Policy Toward the Iraqi Revolution: Selection from Ambassador Robert Murphy's Memoirs, August, 1958 - 37. United States Policies in the Middle East: Letter from President Kennedy to President Nasser, May 11, 1961 - 38. United States Recognition of the Yemen Arab Republic: Statement by the Department of State, December 19, 1962 - C. Saudi Arabian-United Arab Republic Dispute : 39. United States Support for Saudi Arabia: Letter from President Kennedy to Crown Prince Faisal, October 25, 1962 - 40. United States Hopes for End to Yemeni Civil War, Supports Saudi Arabia: Department of State Press Officer's News Conference, August 4, 1965 - 41. President Johnson Praises the Agreement "Between Our Two Friends" (Saudi Arabia and the UAR) to End the Yemeni Civil War: News Conference, August 29, 1965 -- IV. UNITED STATES RELATIONS WITH THE NORTHERN TIER STATES: A. Iran : 42. International Support for Iranian Independence: Declaration of the Three Powers Regarding Iran, December 1, 1943 - 43. United States Policy in Iran: Remarks by Ambassador George V. Allen, February 4, 1948 - 44. The Anglo-Iranian Oil Crisis: Impossibility of Increasing United States Economic Aid Pending a Settlement, Message from President Eisenhower to Prime Minister Mossagedh, June 29, 1953 - 45. The Anglo-Iranian Oil Crisis: United States Gratification Over the Settlement, Message from President Eisenhower to the Shah of Iran, August 5, 1954 - 46. 'Soviet-Iranian Relations Are Developing Auspiciously': Joint Communique Issued at End of Visit of the Shah of Iran to the Soviet Union, July 3, 1965 - B. Turkey : 47. The United States Position Regarding the Turkish Straits: Note From the American Ambassador to the Soviet Foreign Minister, October 9, 1946 - 48. United States and Turkish Views on NATO Obligations and the Cyprus Crisis: Correspondence Between President Johnson and Prime Minister Inonu, June 5 and 13, 1964 127 - C. Emphasis on Economic Cooperation and Development : 49. Regional Cooperation for Development: Joint Communique Issued by the Presidents of Pakistan and Turkey and the Shah of Iran, July 21, 1964 -- V. THE PALESTINE PROBLEM AND THE ARAB-ISRAELI DISPUTE : A. The Palestine Problem : 50. United States Attitude Toward the Palestine Problem: Letter from President Roosevelt to the King of Saudi Arabia, April 5, 1945 - 51. The Partition of Palestine: Resolution of the United Nations Gen- eral Assembly (excerpts), November 29, 1947 (Map) - 52. Creation 144 of the Palestine Conciliation Commission: Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly, December 11, 1948 - B. After Israel's Independence : 53. Peace and Stability in the Middle East: Tripartite Declaration of the United States, the United Kingdom and France, May 25, 1950 - 54. Passage of Israeli Ships Through the Suez Canal: Resolution of the United Nations Security Council, September 1, 1951 - 55. United States Regret Over the Removal of the Israeli Foreign Ministry to Jerusalem: Statement by the Secretary of State, July 28, 1953 - 56. Retention of the American Embassy in Tel Aviv: Statement Issued by the Department of State, November 3, 1954 - 57. Reaffirmation of the Tripartite Declaration by the United States: Statement by the President, November 9, 1955 - 58. A Direct Appeal to the Israelis and Arabs: Speech by Assistant Secretary of State Byroade, April 9, 1954 - C. The Suez War and Its Aftermath : 59. Nationalization of the Suez Canal: Decree of the Egyptian Government, July 26, 1956 - 60. The United States Rejects the Use of Force: Speech by President Eisenhower (excerpts), October 31, 1956 – 61. The Establishment of the United Nations Emergency Force: Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly, November 5, 1956 - 62. Presence and Functions of the UNEF: Report of the Secretary General, November 20, 1956 - 63. Israel Refuses to Permit Stationing of the UNEF in Israel: Statement by Prime Minister Ben-Gurion to Knesset (excerpts), November 7, 1956 - 64. Presence and Functions of the UNEF: Secret Aide Memoire of Secretary General Hammarskjold, August 5, 1957 - 65. The United States Urges Israeli Withdrawal from Sinai: Aide Memoire from Secretary of State Dulles to Ambassador Eban, February 11, 1957 - 66. Israel Agrees to Withdraw from Sinai: Statement by Israeli Foreign Minister Meier in the United Nations General Assembly, March 1, 1957 - D. The Second Truce: Continued Tensions: 67. United States Opposition to the Introduction or Manufacture of Nuclear Weapons in the Middle East: President Kennedy's News Conference, April 3, 1963 - 68. United States Supports Security of Both Israel and Her Neighbors: President Kennedy's News Conference, November 14, 1963 -- VI. THE JUNE WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH: A. The Outbreak of War: 69. The Palestinian Guerrillas Organize: Communique No. 1 from Headquarters of the Asifa Forces, January 6, 1965 - 70. Withdrawal of the UNEF from the United Arab Republic: Report by Secretary General U Thant to Security Council (excerpts), May 20, 1967 - 71. Closing of the Gulf of Aqaba: Speech to Armed Forces by President Nasser, May 22, 1967 - 72. United States Supports Independence and Integrity of All Nations in the Area: Statement by President Johnson, May 23, 1967 - B. The Glassboro Summit Meeting: 73. President Johnson's Report to the Nation, June 25, 1967 - 74. Premier Kosygin's News Conference Statement, June 25, 1967 - C. The Status of Jerusalem: 75. United Nations Rejects Israel's Changing the Status of Jerusalem: General Assembly Resolution, July 4, 1967 - 76. United States Explains Its Abstention on the Jerusalem Resolution: Statement by the United States Mission to the United Nations, July 4, 1967 – D. Plans for Peace: 77. Five Principles for Peace in the Middle East: Speech by President Johnson (excerpts), June 19, 1967 - 78. The United Nations Peace Plan: Security Council Resolution Passed Unanimously, November 22, 1967 - 79. United States Gratification at Passage of November 22 Resolution: Statement by Ambassador Goldberg, November 22, 1967 - 80. "A Just and Dignified Peace... Is Possible": Speech by President Johnson (excerpts), September 10, 1968 - 81. United States and Israel Support Spirit of November 22 Resolution and President Johnson's Five Principles of Peace: Joint Statement by President Johnson and Prime Minister Eshkol, January 8, 1968 - 82. An Arab Plan for Peace: Speech by King Hussein of Jordan (excerpt), April 10, 1969 - E. Uncertain Cease Fire: 83. The United States Condemns Violence on Both Sides: Statement Released by the Department of State, March 21, 1968 - 84. Condemnation of Israeli Attacks on Jordan: United Nations Security Council Resolution Passed Unanimously, March 29, 1968 - 85. 'A Talk With President Nasser': Interview With Newsweek Editor, 212 212 February 10, 1969 - 86. 'Eshkol: A Reply to Nasser': Interview With Newsweek Editor, February 17, 1969 - F. New Initiatives of the United States : 87. "A More Even-Handed Policy": Governor Scranton's News Conference Statement, December 13, 1968 - 88. 'We Are Not Going To Stand Back': President Nixon's News Conference, February 5, 1969 - 89. Progress Made Toward Middle East Talks: President Nixon's News Conference, March 4, 1969. |